causes of life :: essays research papers

For biologists, x-ray crystallography has al shipway been a tricky technology. Harder than getting a good beam was growing large crystals of biological molecules-a task thats been comp ard to building weak structures from wiggly bits of Jello. Today, synchrotron light from facilities such as Berkeley Labs Advanced Light Source may make it possible to use protein crystals as small as 50 microns (50 millionths of a meter) in length. The crystals themselves may also become easier to grow, thanks to a unique robotic system designed and built by Joseph Jaklevic, head of Engineering Sciences, and his colleagues in the Engineering Divisions Bioinstrumentation Department. "The idea for a high-throughput combinatorial approach to crystal growth came from Peter Schultz," says Jaklevic. "The basic idea is that, instead of having to plod through all the hundreds of ways you might get a protein to crystallize, you more or less try em all at once." Schultz pioneered combinatorial methods as a element of the Labs Materials Sciences Division he recently became head of the Novartis Institute for Functional Genomics in La Jolla, California. He and his colleague Raymond Stevens of the Labs Physical Biosciences Division saw the combinatorial approach as a natural solution to the challenge of growing protein crystals. Thats because "biologists really have no idea what the best conditions are for growing crystals of a new protein," says Derek Yegian, a member of the team that built the new robotic system. "Different proteins precipitate out of solution and grow at opposite rates-or dont grow at all-depending on the solutions acidity, temperature, concentrations of salts, and lots of separate variables. " The innovative robot above, designed and built by Joe Jaklevic and his colleagues in the Engineering Divisions Bioinstrumentation Department, can automatically grow crystals of a novel protein by screening 480 different growth solutions at once. Only the very purest proteins will crystallize, and pure protein is expensive even common commercial proteins can cost hundreds of dollars a gram. Often hundreds of combinations of variables must(prenominal) be tried before a novel protein can be crystallized from solution. Most trial solutions are prepared by hand at the rate of about 30 an hour, typically requiring one to 10 microliters of pure protein for 50 to 100 "coarse-screening" trials whether a particular solution yields a crystal is unembellished only days or weeks later. "Manual methods are slow and error-prone," says Yegian, and although some steps have been automated within the past few years, "commercial robots are not much better.

Themes of The Village by the Sea by Anita Desai Essay -- Village Sea

Themes of The Village by the Sea by Anita Desai The novel, the village by the sea by Anita Desai is about how Hariand Lila struggle for the survival of their family in the absence oftheir drunken male parent and ill perplex. As portrayed in the beginning ofthe novel, the opening scene is described to be an unstableenvironment. This is reflected by the shot of the waves and howthey are portrayed to be unstable as the author uses phrases such ashigh tide and low tide to show the instabilities of life and itschanges. In relation to this essential opening scene, this novel is shortly paraphrased to be a book describing the transformations andthe hardships in life. As connected to these major morals described bythe author, there are several minor themes in relation to the moralsas mentioned earlier. These themes are responsibility, self-controland love.The main themes of this novel are change and survival. ?Change? inthis book is the way each feature is able to understand things inlif e have to be changed in order to progress. The theme of change isportrayed when the governors decide to turn Thul into an industrialarea. other situations are when Biju starts to introduce motor boatsto Thul for fishing instead of manual one and this shows that thechange of boats is for the development of fishing. Desai is able tocommunicate to us this theme when Hari?s father is able to turn from auseless drunken man to a responsible and caring person and also howHari?s mother is able to score better from her ill state. With this, we lowlife see that each situation in the book is linked together by the wayHari?s father changes when his mother falls ill and is taken to thehospital. This theme is stro... ... Coconut day. One main oneis the way Hari?s father out of love for the family and his wifechanges from wino to a responsible man.A nonher theme shown is self-control and this shown by the way Lila isable to keep the money she earns from the De Silvas to buy food forthe family and not spent on useless things.Other examples are the wayHari makes a lot of money in Bombay, but although there so many nicethings in there, he does not spend it but saves it. One character thatis able to show this is Hari?s father by the way he is able to controlhimself from drinking toddy.From what we can see in the novel, the themes are related to eachother like change and survival leads to responsibility, responsibilityleads to love and self-control and also responsibility relates tolove. This is created by the way the user creates the setting of thenovel.

king :: essays research papers

PatriotismPatriotism. The very sound of the word brings to my heart bumpings of loyalty andpride. I feel loyalty for my country and my countrys ideals, and I feel pride for thosebefore me who fought and sacrificed much for the freedom of my beloved country. I loveand honor my country. I feel a sense of duty to this country that has been my home sincemy birth. As I turn the pages of our countrys history, I am inspired by those who havespoken issue and fought against those who have threatened our countrys security andideals. Our forefathers had dreams of a nation with liberty and justice for all. They gaveall they had, every single ounce of strength, to make that dream a reality. They waged struggleagainst one of the most powerful empires of the time so that they could remain on-key totheir ideals. Martin Luther King Jr. was willing to lead a movement against segregationin our nation. He had the courage to tell our nation that its policy of segregation waswrong. To me, that is true patriotism not only being willing to fight for our country unlesswilling to try to change it so that our ideals are preserved. I implore upon you, the youthof America, to fight to keep the flame of patriotism alive. We are the authors of ourcountrys future. We must prick dip inside ourselves and find the courage and determinationto dream of a greater and nobler country. We, as the future of this country, must dedicateourselves to this cause and stay true to the ideals of those before us. Patriotism is definedas a love for or a devotion to ones country. With the events that happened in America on

America Needs the Stop-loss Program Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive

America Needs the Stop-loss Program The scary existence of the war on Iraq is something all Americans face today, the reality universe, what happens if we do not have enough soldiers to continue all of the projects that the united States have already started. Does America have enough troops for what they are doing? great deal America afford to tell people when they leave the military, thanks and we wish the best for you with civilian life, or should they be fighting to guard them as long as possible? America spend the money to keep the soldiers employed and across the waters to keep the promises made to make Iraq a democratic sylvan? America needs to continue their fight, even if it means to maintain solders longer then they once thought. With the Stop-loss program introduced by President George W. pubic hair, the military finally legitimate the power needed to persevere the numbers needed in winning the War on Iraq. Since June of 2004, 800 soldiers have died w hile fighting the war in Iraq, as well as nearly 4,700 wounded in battle, reported Pete Yost in the Associated Press, on June 1, 2004. Not only is the military losing soldiers due to death or being wounded, but there have also been a large number of people who, when they are discharged from the military, do not reenlist, but instead they command to go and try their luck in the civilian world. The rate America keeps losing their men and women, in Iraq proves that something needs to be done to keep the military in the high supply needed. How can the promise made to the Iraqi civilians be kept if there is not enough man power to finish what was started? positive(p) the number of civilians who have been signing up has drastically decreased. That is why President Bushs stop-loss program otherwise known as the back-door write is pivotal for our continuing fight. According to what is written in the policy The policy is designed to assist in meeting manpower requirements for future operations, and will, therefore, evolve to remain pertinent to future operations, and will, therefore, evolve to remain relevant to future developments in mission requirements and our involvement in current operations. (Maradmin 007/03). This policy was put into effect after phratry 11, 2001 in order to keep the military numbers up.With the stop-loss policy America is fighting to keep their military well stocked... ...ing the military how can they afford to keep people there? If a promise to a country is made, then the country needs to be willing to keep the promise to the best of their ability. The United States, could not win the war without the soldiers who fought in it, and they cannot give Iraq the freedom promised if they do not have enough men and women in combat. The stop-loss program that President Bush set up and put into play is something that was very needed in the country during this time of conflict. In conclusion, there are many reasons wh y the back-door draft is something that is needed in todays society. American is trying its hardest to spread freedom and democracy around the world, to countries that have not been able to guard it on their own. The military plays a massive role in the gift that America is giving to Iraq, without the military the old Iraqi government would still be in charge, and they would be a lot further away from freedom. With President Bushs stop-loss program, it does just that it stops the loss we were suffering with the deaths and discharges of soldiers and keeps the military across-the-board of soldiers who have first hand experience.

jackie robinson Essay -- essays research papers

The grandson of a slave, Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia he was the youngest of five children. Jackie grew up very poor, but little did he know that his acrobatic ability would open the doors for his future. After his father deserted the family when Jackie was six months old, his mother, Mallie Robinson, moved the family to California in search of work. California also subjected blacks to segregation at that time, but to less of a degree than in the Deep South. The young Jackie defused his anger over this wrong by immersing himself in sports. He displayed extraordinary athletic skills in high school, excelling at football, basketball, baseball, and track. After helping Pasadena Junior College win the Junior College Football Championship, Robinson took his athletic ability to the University of California at Los Angeles and became a top collegiate running back in 1939. Having used up his athletic eligibility, as well as having some financial tr ouble, Robinson left UCLA before graduating. After college he held a job with the National Youth Administration work camp until the camp was closed due to the onset of World War II. In the fall of 1941 he get together the Honolulu Bears professional football team. In 1942, Jackie Robinson was drafted into the U.S. Army. He was accepted into policeman Candidate School in Ft. Riley, Kansas and was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in January 1943. While stationed at Fort Riley in Kansas, Robinson worked with heavyweight champion Joe Louis to stub out unfair treatment of blacks in the military. However, inequities would persist in the armed forces for decades to come. He was later transferred to Ft. Hood, Texas where an incident in which he refused to move to the back of the bus assemble Court Martial charges brought up against him. He was found innocent, but was honorably discharged in 1944 on the grounds that his ankles had been weakened during his years of playing football. Robinson joined the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro League in 1945 for a reported $450 a month. Although he soon became one of the leagues top players, he was not fond of the wretched pay and relentless traveling and apparently had no intention of making baseball a career. That attitude was changed due to the efforts of Brooklyn Dodger president Branch Rickey. showtime in 1943, Rickey had been searching for a black playe... ...ckie Robinsons debut. On that day, Major League Baseball announced that the number forty two would be retired passim the Major League, an event that was symbolic of the impact that Robinson had on baseball. Jackie Robinson always went his own way, answering to his own instincts and refusing to be swayed by those who objected to his choices. He never took for granted his purpose as a trailblazer in the integration of sports and the opening of opportunities for blacks in the United States. By being a man with incredible physical skills, moral fortitude, and comp etitive fire who arrived in the right place and at the right time in history, Robinson had a major impact on the black conflict for equality in the twentieth century.Jackie Robinsons signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers was the most significant event to occur in baseball since World War II. Although Robinson may not engage been the best athlete in the Negro Leagues it was his overall character, education, and social upbringing that appealed to Branch Rickey. Collectively, they paved the way for integrating the game, allowing some of the greatest players to participate who had antecedently been restricted to their own league.

jackie robinson Essay -- essays research papers

The grandson of a slave, Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia he was the youngest of five children. Jackie grew up very poor, but little did he know that his athletic ability would open the doors for his future. After his father deserted the family when Jackie was six months old, his mother, Mallie Robinson, go the family to California in search of work. California also subjected blacks to segregation at that time, but to less of a degree than in the Deep South. The young Jackie defused his peevishness over this prejudice by immersing himself in sports. He displayed extraordinary athletic skills in high school, excelling at football, basketball, baseball, and track. After helping Pasadena younger College win the Junior College Football Championship, Robinson took his athletic ability to the University of California at Los Angeles and became a top collegiate running thorn in 1939. Having used up his athletic eligibility, as well as having some f inancial trouble, Robinson left UCLA before graduating. After college he held a job with the National Youth Administration work inhabit until the camp was closed due to the onset of World War II. In the fall of 1941 he joined the Honolulu Bears professional football team. In 1942, Jackie Robinson was drafted into the U.S. Army. He was accepted into Officer Candidate School in Ft. Riley, Kansas and was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant in January 1943. While stationed at Fort Riley in Kansas, Robinson worked with titan champion Joe Louis to eradicate unfair treatment of blacks in the military. However, inequities would persist in the armed forces for decades to come. He was later transferred to Ft. Hood, Texas where an incident in which he refused to move to the back of the bus found Court Martial charges brought up against him. He was found innocent, but was honorably discharged in 1944 on the grounds that his ankles had been weakened during his historic period of playing football. R obinson joined the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro League in 1945 for a reported $450 a month. Although he soon became one of the leagues top players, he was non fond of the low pay and relentless traveling and apparently had no intention of making baseball a career. That attitude was changed due to the efforts of Brooklyn Dodger prexy Branch Rickey. Starting in 1943, Rickey had been searching for a black playe... ...ckie Robinsons debut. On that day, Major League Baseball announced that the number forty twain would be retired throughout the Major League, an event that was symbolic of the impact that Robinson had on baseball. Jackie Robinson always went his own way, answering to his own instincts and refusing to be swayed by those who objected to his choices. He never took for granted his role as a trailblazer in the integration of sports and the opening of opportunities for blacks in the United States. By being a man with undreamed physical skills, mental fortitude, and comp etitive fire who arrived in the right place and at the right time in history, Robinson had a major impact on the black struggle for equality in the twentieth century.Jackie Robinsons signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers was the most significant event to occur in baseball since World War II. Although Robinson may not have been the best athlete in the Negro Leagues it was his overall character, education, and social upbringing that appealed to Branch Rickey. Collectively, they paved the way for integrating the game, allowing some of the greatest players to participate who had previously been restricted to their own league.

Life of a Gladiator

The life of a Gladiator could be compared to the life of a in advance(p) day professional athlete. Gladiators lived a lavish life much greater than the lower class of past Rome. With food, medicine, and baths totally at the tip of their fingers, they were to use all their strength and focus to fight against each other. These fighters were primarily used for Inhumane entertainment. umpteen Gladiators were slaves, criminals, and some free men. Gladiators were first used for funeral ceremonies to reenact the dead bingles life.Gladiators were after struggleds used in entertaining the people. They would fight wild beast such as lion, tigers, and elephants and unconstipated fight each other. Even though they were authentic to be killed for the enjoyment of Ancient roman type citizens, Ancient Roman Gladiators lived a life of luxury. Ancient Gladiators lived a well-appointed lifestyle. For example they were given hot and mothy baths constantly. The Ancient Roman citizens did not h ave this available to them. Disease was in like manner abundant throughout Ancient Rome, merely doctors to keep disease and infection to a marginal treated Gladiators dally.Another example of benefits given to a Gladiator was women for their personal needs. Women were used by the Ancient Gladiators as slaves and for coitus. Gladiators who became successful were allowed to have their own nucleotide and even a family, The Gladiator trainers and sponsors treated their fighters as If they were their prized possessions. Gladiators were on a high protein diet and took place in a magnificent feast the nighttime forrader a battle would take place. This felt promising to the trainers and sponsors In that their Gladiators would be physically prepared for he next day when they would be in battle.All Gladiators were cared for advantageously by their trainers and sponsors. Ancient Gladiators lived a lavish life where anything and everything was given to them In order to keep them in the p erfect shape for combat. The Gladiators were sure of oddment alone enjoyed the luxurious life as they could. Many Gladiators were slaves, criminals or members of captured of enemy armies, but a lot of Gladiators were freemen. Many retired military men became Gladiators so they could press outcase their fight abilities In the arena.A lot of men who decided o become Gladiators joined for the riches that came with It. Becoming a Gladiator was a good way for citizens to stumble money. Many men used this money to pay off debt or support their family. The vivacious conditions of Gladiators were very good. The free men whom became Gladiators were free to do as they satisfy and could keep any of the money thrown into the arena during a battle. Many of these men not only craved the wealth but also the fame that came with being a successful Gladiator. The most successful Gladiators became very popular with the Ancient Roman citizens.These Gladiators were treated like royalty and were given much wealth and origin by the Roman government. These Gladiators were only expected to fight 3-5 times a year ana could ao as tney pleased In tnelr OTTtlme. There were umpteen reasons one would seek to become a Gladiator. The living conditions of a Gladiator were much better than the living condition of a lower class Roman citizen. forage and medical care were supplied to these men as well. They were on strict diets but did not have to pay for the food which a luxury in its self.Doctors were forever and a day present to make sure the Gladiators were in illuminate armed combat condition. Men in top fghting condition would put on a better show for the Ancient Roman citizens and this would bring more money to the Gladiator and his Sponsor. Much fame came with being a successful Gladiator. These successful Gladiators were famous for their actions in the arena and this is what make them so popular. A successful Gladiator received better care and acquired more money and wealt h in their career than some(prenominal) citizens did at this time.Slaves, criminals, and prisoners of war were all forced to be Gladiators in the Ancient Roman Empire, but the wealth and glory of becoming a Gladiator appealed to many free men. The living conditions of an Ancient Gladiator were high above the living conditions of many Ancient Roman citizens. The upkeep of a Gladiator was extensive and were unploughed at top physical shape. Ancient Gladiators enjoyed the life of luxury and adored the fame and fortune, but being a Gladiator ultimately ended in a bloody death in front of all of Rome to see.Life of a GladiatorThe life of a Gladiator could be compared to the life of a modern day professional athlete. Gladiators lived a lavish life much greater than the lower class of Ancient Rome. With food, medicine, and baths all at the tip of their fingers, they were to use all their energy and focus to fight against each other. These fighters were primarily used for inhumane enterta inment. Many Gladiators were slaves, criminals, and some free men. Gladiators were first used for funeral ceremonies to reenact the dead ones life. Gladiators were later used in entertaining the people.They would fight wild beast such as lion, tigers, and elephants and even fight each other. Even though they were sure to be killed for the enjoyment of Ancient Roman citizens, Ancient Roman Gladiators lived a life of luxury. Ancient Gladiators lived a well-appointed lifestyle. For example they were given hot and cold baths constantly. The Ancient Roman citizens did not have this available to them. Disease was also abundant throughout Ancient Rome, but doctors to keep disease and infection to a minimum treated Gladiators daily.Another example of benefits given to a Gladiator was women for their personal needs. Women were used by the Ancient Gladiators as slaves and for coitus. Gladiators who became successful were allowed to have their own home and even a family. The Gladiator trainers and sponsors treated their fighters as if they were their prized possessions. Gladiators were on a high protein diet and took place in a magnificent feast the night before a battle would take place. This felt promising to the trainers and sponsors in that their Gladiators would be physically prepared for the next day when they would be in battle.All Gladiators were cared for comfortably by their trainers and sponsors. Ancient Gladiators lived a lavish life where anything and everything was given to them in order to keep them in the perfect shape for combat. The Gladiators were sure of death but enjoyed the luxurious life as they could. Many Gladiators were slaves, criminals or members of captured of enemy armies, but a lot of Gladiators were freemen. Many retired military men became Gladiators so they could showcase their fighting abilities in the arena.A lot of men who decided to become Gladiators joined for the wealth that came with it. Becoming a Gladiator was a good way for ci tizens to make money. Many men used this money to pay off debt or support their family. The living conditions of Gladiators were very good. The free men whom became Gladiators were free to do as they pleased and could keep any of the money thrown into the arena during a battle. Many of these men not only craved the wealth but also the fame that came with being a successful Gladiator. The most successful Gladiators became very popular with the Ancient Roman citizens.These Gladiators were treated like royalty and were given much wealth and power by the Roman government. These Gladiators were only expected to fight 3-5 times a year and could do as they pleased in their off time. There were many reasons one would seek to become a Gladiator. The living conditions of a Gladiator were much better than the living condition of a lower class Roman citizen. Food and medical care were supplied to these men as well. They were on strict diets but did not have to pay for the food which a luxury in its self.Doctors were always present to make sure the Gladiators were in top fighting condition. Men in top fighting condition would put on a better show for the Ancient Roman citizens and this would bring more money to the Gladiator and his Sponsor. Much fame came with being a successful Gladiator. These successful Gladiators were famous for their actions in the arena and this is what made them so popular. A successful Gladiator received better care and acquired more money and wealth in their career than many citizens did at this time.Slaves, criminals, and prisoners of war were all forced to be Gladiators in the Ancient Roman Empire, but the wealth and glory of becoming a Gladiator appealed to many free men. The living conditions of an Ancient Gladiator were high above the living conditions of many Ancient Roman citizens. The upkeep of a Gladiator was extensive and were kept at top physical shape. Ancient Gladiators enjoyed the life of luxury and adored the fame and fortune, but being a Gladiator ultimately ended in a bloody death in front of all of Rome to see.

Health coach Essay

Being a health coach for gamescape these past 5 weeks has in truth helped me reach a better understanding of health and wellness. Having a team with such different backgrounds and very different in their whole aspect of health and wellness was a challenge at times but that is what make me understand health and wellness so much better. Being the team leader and having to beat different life decisions for the three other team members helped me see how changing some small things can have a huge uphold in your life.I have learned that even someone who is very active and fit like June in gamescape was there is still room for value and better health choices to be made. The most important thing that I have learned is that there has to be balance between all sextette elements in order to reach optimal health. It is really important to understand each element and make it a part of your life because if one is listless in your life then you can not reach true health and wellness.Before gamescape I had no idea about the six elements that make up health and wellness. I knew that all those things were important but I never really knew the role the six elements have in reaching optimal health. Also learning all the ways that I can help prevent chronic disease has been great, learning about all the risk factors made me very scared at first but I also know now that I can help prevent it.

Ancient Greeks and Romans.

Running head ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS Comparison and Contrast of classics and popishs World Civilization 1 HIS 103 There were more distinct cultures and refinements in the ancient world. Each of the cultures had their own customs and ethnology that either set them apart from the rest of the world or rendered them similar. Two civilizations that have a confluence of similarities as healthy as differences are the Greeks and the Romans. In the eyes of some, the Greeks and Romans are synonymous. While they do have their share of similarities, they also have defining characteristics that strike them extraordinarily incompatible.The Greeks and the Romans are similar and different in many aspects including religion, social/political aspects, influence of geographical factors and the lasting effect they have had on subsequently civilizations. Abraham Lincoln once said, When I do good, I feel good when I do bad, I feel bad. Thats my religion. If yet the Greeks and Romans thought of devotion with such simplicity. Both ancient Roman and Greek civilizations took their religion very seriously and built temples and shrines showing their appreciation to the gods. Religion was a very significant aspect of Greek society and culture.They participated in sacrifices and regular worships of gods for the purpose of unifying the people in a common goal to revel the Gods. The Greeks were a polytheistic civilization and believed that their gods would protect their city-states if they were kept appeased. The Greeks pleased their gods by frequently performing rituals, sacrifices and ceremonies. Greek religion was more than legendary tales and fictitious myths it was a complex placement with for each one city-state containing its own divinities, which acted to cement the body of citizens into a true community (OConnell, 1999) .In this concept, the Romans were similar. They also were polytheistic and very concerned ab verboten appeasing their gods. The Romans were great copiers. They borrowed many of their gods from the Greeks, but unlike Greek gods, they were more cold and formal and did not have as much of a personality. The Romans lived under the gods and constantly tried to please them with rituals and sacred rites. The Romans also performed human and animal sacrifices in addition to the ceremonies. Over the years, these rituals became very complex and needed special people to perform them.Unlike the Greeks, the Romans had priests who were usually terrific statesmen or generals. Roman religion and politics were intermeshed, and it was not uncommon for the emperor (during the empire period) to be worshipped as a god himself (OConnell, 1999) . Because the Greeks were divided into many different city-states, they had many different forms of g everywherenment. Aristotle divided the Greek presidencys into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies and democracies. In 510 B. C. he city-state of Athens created the first democratic government and shortly th ereafter, the rest of the city-states followed suit (Carr, antiquated Greek Government, 2009) . They no longer had one single leader as the Romans did. Rome was originally ruled by kings, in a monarchal system. after on this time period known as the Ancient Roman period, the Roman Republic was formed in 509 BC. The Roman Republic provided for a more legate government. Roman imperialism created a sizable gap in wealth and social classes within Rome.With such power and wealth, there was great economic as well as social conflict. The noblemen of Rome were constantly scrap for more wealth as small farm owners suffered when large plantations were being formed with slaves. The Roman nobles were fighting for greed and personal wealth creating extensive conflicts in Rome. Despite the conflict, the development of political institutions was one of Romes great accomplishments (Carr, 2009) . As the documentary lineage Histories The Roman Constitution clearly exemplifies, the Romans had a very effective political system.As Polybius states in this excerpt, For the people is the sole fountain of honor and of punishment and it is by these both things and these alone that dynasties and constitutions and in a word, human society are held together for where the distinction between them is not sharply drawn both in surmise and practice, there no undertaking can be properly administered as indeed we might expect when good and bad are held in on the nose the same honor. It is clear that the Roman constitution is equally balanced in power, and has contributed to the strength of the Roman ivilization (Sherman, Grunfeld, Markowitz, Rosner, & Heywood, 2006) . Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. once said, Men hate each other because they fear each other, and they fear each other because they dont know each other, and they dont know each other because they are often separated from each other. The many ancient Greek city states were isolated from one another by the mountainous ter rain of the Greek peninsula. very much of their land was barren so most Greek city-states arose along the coastline. Map 4-2 clearly shows the extent of Greek settlements around the Mediterranean and Black Seas between 750 and 550 B.C. E. It exemplifies the Greek civilization by illustrating the location of the Greek colonies in comparison to the competing Phoenician colonies that the Greeks often came into contact with. It also shows the importance of colonies for diffusing culture throughout the Mediterranean and explains how Greek and Greco-Roman civilization came to dominate most of the Mediterranean basin even when the Greeks were no longer a great military-political force and their colonies ceased to be independent. Because the Greeks were encircled by mountains, they were not as open to attack as the Romans were.Map 5-1 clearly shows some of the civilizations that occupied Italy and its immediately surrounding territory during the fifth century B. C. E. It save exemplifies the Roman civilization by illustrating the many influences other civilizations had upon the Roman Republic. Before Rome became a dominant power, the Etruscans, Carthaginians and Greeks all ready had strong literate sophisticated civilizations. As Rome expanded, many of the institutions and practices of these civilizations were incorporated into their civilization.Therefore, Romes geographic and cultural environment played an important role in the development of the Roman Republic (Sherman, Grunfeld, Markowitz, Rosner, & Heywood, 2006) . The Roman and Greek cultures have long been admired for their literature, government and scientific accomplishments. They have not only left their foot prints on later civilizations, but they come up to be studied and admired all around the world today. Greece was home to Herodotus (the first historian) who is regarded as the father of history. Greece is also ecognized for accomplishments such as the initial development of dramatic and comedic pla ys, and for being the home of the first mathematicians. In addition, Greece contributed many developments in political science including the creation of democracy and republics and the fundamentals of unpolluted western philosophy, as found in the works of Plato and Aristotle (Conservapedia, 2008) . In The Republic as written by Plato, democracy is scrutinized. This literary work exemplifies the Greek civilization by illustrating how democracy was implemented, yet also met with resistance and criticism.Plato says Because of the liberty which reigns there they have a complete assortment of constitutions and he who has a mind to hand a State, as we have been doing, must go to a democracy as he would to a bazaar at which they sell them, and pick out the one that suits him then, when he has made his choice, he may found his State. It is clear that Plato did not hold the Athenian form of democracy in highest regards (Sherman, Grunfeld, Markowitz, Rosner, & Heywood, 2006) . The Roma ns contributed just as much as the Greeks did.Their styles of architecture are be quiet used around the world today. Most importantly, Christianity arose and was adopted as the official faith of the Roman Empire. Although it contradicted Roman civilization by insisting that there is only one God, it still continued to spread throughout Rome and much of Europe. The Roman Republic conquered Greece in 146 BC. They took much of the Greek religion and incorporated it into their own until the 4th century CE when Christianity prevailed. The Greco-Roman population in the seventeenth century did much to convention the contemporary western world.The philosophy focused strictly on the role of reason and inquiry. Many philosophers today concede that GrecoRoman philosophy has shaped the completed Western thought since its foundation. Their architecture styles are still used as well as the democratic form of government which is used not only in Europe but all around the world. Seventeenth cent ury Greco-Roman literature is still renowned, studied by historians and taught in schools all over the world. Greek and Roman contributions to the contemporary world are great in both number and significance.Their advancements in mathematics, architecture, science, philosophy, government and literature not only advance(a) their own civilizations but the world as a whole. Humanity has benefited greatly from the contributions of the Greeks and Romans. The world would be an entirely different place if the Romans and Greeks had not existed. The Greeks and Romans have existed in the world as separate entities and also as one community. Because they have been so intermingled, in some ways they are parallel.The Greeks and the Romans are similar and different in many aspects including religion, social/political aspects, influence of geographical factors and the lasting effect they have had on later civilizations. The Greek and Roman civilizations were some of the greatest civilizations to evolve. They mutually succeeded in showing other civilizations both how to succeed and how to fail at the things which men might try. Both civilizations had their peaks and their declines. While these two great civilizations continue to present their similarities, they also are extensively different.Just like many countries today have their similarities and also their differences. Despite the many technological and societal advances achieved by societies today, wars still continue to ravage the world. That fact has not changed. Differences continue to divide the globe and until we can embrace them, will always do so. Our greatest strength as a human race is our ability to acknowledge our differences our greatest weakness is our failure to embrace them (Henderson, 2009). References (2008, September 7). Retrieved March 11, 2009, from Conservapedia http//www. conservapedia. com/Greek_influence_on_Western_CultureCarr, K. (2009, January 15). Ancient Greek Government. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from Kidepede http//www. historyforkids. org/learn/greeks/government/ Carr, K. (2009, January 15). Kidepede. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from Roman Government http//www. historyforkids. org/learn/romans/government/ Grunfeld, A. T. , Heywood, L. , Markowitz, G. , Rosner, D. , & Sherman, D. (2006). World Civilizations Sources, Images, and Interpretations (4th Edition ed. , Vol. I). New York McGraw Hill. OConnell, L. (1999). Paganism Past Present. Retrieved March 10, 2009, from ThinkQuestLibrary

Organizational Behavior and Its Impact on Society Essay

Formal governings be typically understood to be systems of coordinated and controlled activities that arise when motion is embedded in complex networks of technical relations and boundary-spanning exchanges. But in modern societies, formal organizational structures arise in highly institutional contexts. Organizations are driven to incorporate the practices and procedures defined by prevailing rationalized concepts of organizational work and institutionalized in society.Organizations that do so increase their legitimacy and their survival prospects, autonomous of the immediate efficacy of the acquired practices and procedures. There can develop a tension between on the one hand, the institutionalized products, services, techniques, policies, and programs that function as myths (and may be ceremonially adopted), and efficiency criteria on the other hand.To maintain ceremonial conformity, organizations that reflect institutional rules tend to buffer their formal structures from the uncertainties of the technical activities by developing a loose coupling between their formal structures and actual work activities. Organizations Two Sociological Perspectives Much recent sociological work on the nature of organizations starts from the self-reliance that organizations are best studied and understood as parts of an environment. If organizations exist within a distinctive environment, then what aspects of that environment should be most well examined?Sociologists have answered this question in two different ways for some, the key features are the resources and information that may be used rationally within the organization or exchanged with other organizations within the environment for others, the essential focus is on the cultural surround that determines and moderates the organizations possible courses of action in ways that are more subtle, less deterministic than the resources information perspective suggests.While there are many exceptions, it is probably fa ir to say that the resources-information feeler has been more often used in analyses of commercial organizations, and the latter, cultural approach used in studies of public and non-profit organizations.